VAT Reverse Charge: 🇪🇪 Estonia to 🇭🇺 Hungary

Yes. When a VAT-registered business in Estonia supplies B2B services to a VAT-registered business in Hungary, the reverse charge mechanism applies under Article 196 of EU VAT Directive 2006/112/EC. The Estonia supplier invoices at 0% VAT, and the Hungary customer self-accounts for VAT at their local rate of 27%.

If the customer is VAT-registered, put 0% VAT on the invoice. You must include the customer's Hungary VAT number and the note: "VAT reverse charge — Article 196, Directive 2006/112/EC". Do not charge Estonia VAT (22%) on cross-border B2B service invoices.

The standard VAT rate in Hungary is 27%. When reverse charge applies, the Hungary customer declares 27% VAT in their local VAT return and simultaneously deducts it as input VAT — so the net cash effect is zero for a fully VAT-registered business.

Yes. You must report cross-border B2B services in your EC Sales List (ESL), also known as VIES or Recapitulative Statement. Report these as services (not goods) using the customer's Hungary VAT number. Filing frequency depends on Estonia's local rules — typically monthly or quarterly.

If the customer in Hungary does not have a VAT number, reverse charge does not apply. For B2C supplies or non-registered businesses, different rules apply. For most services, you would charge Estonia VAT (22%). For digital/electronically supplied services, Hungary VAT (27%) may apply via the EU One Stop Shop (OSS) scheme.

Verify the customer's VAT number using the EU VIES system at ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies before issuing a zero-rated invoice. Hungary VAT numbers start with the prefix "HU". Keep a record of the VIES confirmation for your audit trail.

Reverse charge under Article 196 applies to most B2B services where the place of supply is the customer's country. Some services have special rules — for example, services related to immovable property are taxed where the property is located, and short-term vehicle hire has specific rules. For standard professional, consulting, digital, and software services between Estonia and Hungary, reverse charge applies.

Your invoice must include: (1) Your Estonia VAT number, (2) The customer's Hungary VAT number, (3) 0% VAT / VAT amount: 0.00, and (4) The legal reference: "Reverse charge — Article 196, Council Directive 2006/112/EC". Some suppliers also add the Hungary equivalent note in the local language.